Gastric Polyposis Due to Foreign Bodies and H. pylori Infection: Case Report and Literature Review

<b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Foreign body ingestion represents an endoscopic emergency, with a risk of organ perforation of up to 35%, where increased prevalence was noticed among people with mental disorders and institutionalized patients. <b>Case Presentation</b>: The patient-male, 23 years old, and institutionalized for sequelae of infantile encephalopathy-was admitted for epigastric pain and hyperemetic syndrome that began 10 days earlier. Endoscopically, 12 hard plastic foreign bodies with sharp edges and sizes of 6-7 cm were identified, followed by extraction that was successfully performed in two sessions using a polypectomy snare and a Foreign Body Hood Protector. Additionally, multiple sessile exulcerated polypoid lesions were observed, measuring around 1-3 cm each, occupying the entire antrum. Histological examination showed inflammatory/regenerative elements, with features of moderate-to-high-grade dysplasia, while a rapid urease test for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection was positive. As a consequence, the patient was administered triple eradication therapy. In addition, the patient presented marked features of hypereosinophilia and splenomegaly. Upon endoscopic reevaluation after 3 years and 8 months, no polyps were present and the <i>H. pylori</i> test was negative, while a complete and spectacular remission of both the hypereosinophilia and splenomegaly was observed. <b>Conclusions:</b> This case illustrates that the development and progression of gastric polyposis may be caused by the coexistence of chronic mucosal irritation from foreign bodies and <i>H. pylori</i> infection, which is a rare association. <i>H. pylori</i> eradication and endoscopic removal of the foreign bodies resulted in significant mucosal improvement.