Sustainable Development Path of Poverty Alleviation for Migrants in Urban Centralized Resettlement Areas in China

As an essential regional planning policy, poverty alleviation relocation significantly impacts the regional economy, environment, and social well-being and is critical for sustainable development in China. Based on the development of large urban centralized resettlement areas in Guizhou Province, this study improved the traditional sustainable livelihood analysis framework and constructed a livelihood capital evaluation system including natural, physical, financial, social, human, and cultural capital. Utilizing a logistic regression model, it examined the relationship between the mix of livelihood capital and the livelihood strategies employed by migrant families. Furthermore, it elucidates the key transition factors from short-term gig to long-term employment and self-management. The findings are as follows: (1) Overall, the livelihood capital of migrant families has improved to varying degrees under the three livelihood strategies following relocation. (2) Human capital exerts a significant positive influence on short-term gig-type livelihood strategies, whereas social capital demonstrates a notable negative effect. Conversely, all human, social, and cultural capital positively impact long-term employment-type livelihood strategies. Financial and cultural capital positively impact self-management-type livelihood strategies, whereas human capital demonstrates a notable negative effect. (3) Human capital is pivotal in facilitating the transition of livelihood strategies from short-term gig to long-term employment; key factors include the distance of the land, skill training situation, interpersonal communication, and extent of reliance on government support. Social capital is pivotal in facilitating the transition of livelihood strategies from short-term gig to self-management; key factors include the area of household forest land, total household savings, household head's education level, participation in public affairs, and extent of reliance on government support. Based on these findings and following the sustainable development pathway of factor identification → macrosupport → microsupport, systematic recommendations are provided for optimizing late-stage support mechanisms at both macro- and microlevels.