Molecular and immunological heterogeneity of eosinophilic esophagitis: Insights and subtyping

This study unveils novel molecular and immunological distinctions between conventional EoE and its subtypes. We propose that EoE-like esophagitis represents an early immune-activated phase, while lymphocytic and nonspecific esophagitis exhibit distinct metabolic and humoral immune dysregulations, respectively. Key biomarkers, POSTN, DNAH11, CDX2, and zinc transporters, offer critical insights for improving diagnostic criteria and guiding therapeutic approaches. These findings highlight the importance of subtype-specific therapeutic interventions and warrant longitudinal studies to map disease trajectories and therapeutic responses across EoE and its variants.