Simulation Study on Dispersion Patterns of Construction PM10 in Highway Projects

To address the challenges posed by strong environmental disturbance during field observations of dust dispersion at highway construction sites, this study investigates the transport and diffusion patterns of construction dust (PM10) by integrating numerical simulation with on-site measurements. Based on particle sampling parameters and wind conditions obtained from the target project, a construction PM10 dispersion model was established using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The wind direction that best matched the measured field data was selected as the reference condition, and the dispersion behavior of construction dust was simulated under different wind speeds and particle mass flow rates. The results indicate that larger wind-direction angles facilitate vertical dispersion of particulate matter, and higher wind speeds enhance long-distance transport while reducing near-source concentrations. Dust-suppression performance increases with barrier height, and under a low wind speed of 2 m·s−1, a 3 m barrier achieves a PM10 suppression efficiency of 73.6%. These findings provide quantitative evidence and technical support for PM10 control in highway construction environments.