A Global Review of Microplastic Contamination in Groundwater: Empirical Evidence and Latin American Perspectives

ABSTRACT The presence of microplastics (MPs) in groundwater has emerged as a significant concern due to their environmental impact and the threat they pose to vital water resources, groundwater being one of the most important freshwater sources in the world. This study reviewed 129 articles published between 2014 and 2024, focusing on the analysis of MPs in groundwater and identifying regional and methodological gaps. In Latin America, only seven studies were identified, of which just two directly analysed groundwater samples. This highlights the need for increased research efforts in the region, alongside methodological standardization and expanded use of advanced analytical techniques like micro‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μFTIR) and micro‐Raman (μRaman) spectroscopy for accurate MP characterization. To mitigate contamination, it is essential to develop public policies that promote proper plastic disposal and ensure the strategic protection of groundwater aquifers.