Job Retention Outcomes of Individuals with Visible and Invisible Disabilities

Background Employment provides not only financial support but also fosters independence for individuals with disabilities. Maintaining employment is particularly critical as it is associated with improved self-worth and psychological well-being. Purpose This study examines job retention outcomes among individuals with visible and invisible disabilities, focusing on the role of vocational rehabilitation (VR) services in supporting these individuals’ long-term employment. Method The study has a sample of 53,316 individuals with disabilities. The descriptive statistic was used to identify the sample. A chi-square test of independence was conducted to examine the relationship between disability visibility (visible vs. invisible) and job retention outcomes at six and twelve months. To explore the predictor role of VR services, a logistic regression analysis was employed, using the RSA-911 dataset. Results The analysis highlights that individuals with invisible disabilities tend to have lower job retention rates at six and twelve months compared to those with visible disabilities. Although both positive and negative predictors were identified in VR services, they accounted for only 1% of the variance in job retention outcomes. Conclusion Findings are discussed relative to prior literature, and recommendations are provided for practice, research, and policy.