The multifaceted functions of selective autophagy in cancer: molecular basis, consequences, and clinical prospects

Selective autophagy is a critical cellular process in eukaryotic cells, characterized by the targeted degradation of specific organelles and proteins. This intricate mechanism plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and has significant implications in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, notably cancer. Recent studies have highlighted the dual role of selective autophagy in cancer, acting both as a suppressor in the early stages and potentially facilitating progression in later stages. The complexity of selective autophagy, particularly in the context of oncogenesis, presents unique challenges. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying selective autophagy, its impact on cancer development and progression, and the challenges in leveraging this process for therapeutic interventions. We discuss the interplay between autophagy and cancer, examining how alterations in autophagic pathways contribute to tumorigenesis and the resistance of cancer cells to therapy. Additionally, we explore the potential of targeting selective autophagy pathways as a novel approach in cancer treatment, considering the challenges and prospects of such strategies.