The effect of long-term isometric contraction training intervention on blood pressure normalization in prehypertensive individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Although modest reductions in SBP and DBP were observed, the magnitude of change (mean SBP reduction: 2.31 mmHg) is below the clinically significant threshold of ≥ 5 mmHg recommended for hypertension management. Current evidence does not support isometric resistance training (IRT) as a standalone effective intervention. However, it may be considered a complementary approach within multimodal non-pharmacological strategies.