New frontiers for unmanned aerial vehicles in planetary health research

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a revolutionary new surveillance and transport technology with important implications for healthcare systems, particularly in the era of climate change. Rapid shifts in environmental systems are reshaping global climates. These changes have led to increasingly common extreme weather events that threaten population health. Mitigating the impacts of climate change on human health depends on our ability to predict, detect, and rapidly respond to changing ecosystem dynamics. The use of UAVs to tackle these new environmental health challenges is gaining momentum across multiple disciplines. This review identified four main areas where UAVs are being used or piloted to address climate change and health-related concerns: (1) Disease vector management, (2) environmental risk factors management, (3) environmental resource management, and (4) medical deliveries. Over the coming decades, UAVs are likely to play an increasing role in our efforts to keep pace with monitoring and mitigating the accelerating impacts of climate change on human health.