Impactos de la geoingeniería en el vórtice polar estratosférico Impacts of geoengineering on the stratospheric polar vortex

Anthropogenic climate change has been altering the atmospheric circulation for decades, motivating the search for complementary mitigation measures such as solar geoengineering. Among these, it is inspired by the climate response to large volcanic eruptions, for instance, Pinatubo (1991) whose stratospheric effects produced a transient global cooling. This project evaluates, through a multi-model analysis involving the SSP5-8.5, SSP2-4.5 and G6sulfur experiments, the influence of SAI on the stratospheric polar vortex and its downward propagation into the troposphere and to the surface. In the Northern Hemisphere, SAI reinforces the polar vortex, and in several models, the signal is propagated into the troposphere, projecting positive NAO phases and regional anomalies such as cooling in North America and warming in Eurasia and the Arctic. In the Southern Hemisphere, the surface response depends on the degree of stratosphere-troposphere coupling, with a reinforcement of the seasonal SAM in downward-propagating models. Comparison with mitigation by emissions reduction shows that both achieve similar global cooling, but SAI alters atmospheric circulation and generates distinct regional patterns, with climate impacts.