CCS-mediated mechanistic link between gestational diabetes mellitus and carpal tunnel syndrome: a multi-omics MR framework

GDM exerts a causal effect on CTS, largely mediated through CCS-driven oxidative, immune, and fibrotic pathways. CCS emerges as a promising biomarker for risk stratification and a potential therapeutic target. These findings provide a mechanistic foundation for early CTS surveillance and personalised management in women with GDM, addressing an important unmet clinical need in perinatal care.