The transcriptomic immune profiling across the different ileal layers highlights the relevant role of neutrophils and the active involvement of healthy mucosa in human Crohn’s Disease

This study provides novel insights into the compartmentalized immune architecture of the ileum in CD. The findings highlight a potential role of healthy tissue and serosal neutrophils in CD pathogenesis and progression. Layer-resolved transcriptomic profiling could aid early diagnosis, reveal new biomarkers, and support the development of personalized therapeutic strategies targeting specific ileal compartments.