The Gap between the Desired and Intended Number of Children – The Case of Czechia

As with many other developed countries, Czechia has witnessed significant changes and increasing differentiation in terms of the life paths of younger generations. Despite recent higher fertility levels, new data indicate a decline in fertility and increased uncertainty concerning future trends. This study examines the factors that contribute to variations in reproductive intentions between different demographic groups in Czech society by analysing the gap between the desired and intended family size. Using data from the Generation and Gender Survey (GGS-II, Wave I) for women aged 18–39, logistic regression was employed to analyse the gap between the desired and intended family size. Findings show that 18% of women report higher fertility desires than intentions, with the gap most evident among older women, those with fewer children, and those experiencing financial insecurity. Moreover, the perceived impact of COVID-19 on family relationships exacerbates this gap, while religious participation appears to mitigate it, with lower discrepancy rates among women who attend religious services. These findings emphasize the importance of economic and social stability in aligning fertility desires and intentions and provide insights for policymakers seeking to address fertility decline. Strengthening family support and reducing economic insecurity, particularly in times of uncertainty, may better enable women to achieve their reproductive goals.