Pathogenicity, Resistance Genes and Integrated Management Strategies of Potato Virus Y in Potato

<i>Potato virus Y</i> (PVY), widely regarded as one of the world's most important plant viruses, seriously threatens global potato production and food security. PVY deploys its proteins to interact with key host factors, thereby enabling viral replication, accumulation, and systemic infection. PVY also exhibits high genetic diversity and frequent recombination, which promote host adaptation and immune evasion. In response, potato plants perceive viral effectors through intracellular immune receptors and activate antiviral defenses. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in elucidating PVY-host defense and counter-defense mechanisms. Here, we summarize the molecular basis of PVY pathogenicity and highlight recent advances in PVY resistance genes (e.g., <i>Ry_sto</i> and <i>Ry_chc</i>). Finally, we integrate emerging insights from plant virology and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) biology to discuss prospective, multi-pronged strategies for PVY management.