Integrated multi-omics elucidates the dual anti-inflammatory and neuroendocrine mechanisms of novel TCM plasters against primary dysmenorrhea

This study provides the comprehensive evidence that NGZT and SMX exert their anti-dysmenorrhea effects through a synergistic, multi-target mechanism that concurrently dampens uterine inflammation and rebalances the neuroendocrine system. The integration of multi-omics offers a robust systems-level framework for deciphering the mechanism of complex TCM formulations, solidifying the scientific basis for their clinical application in pain management.