Implicit and Explicit Voice Training Effects on Speech-on-Speech Perception and Listening Effort

Results from the present study demonstrated that both implicit and explicit voice training might lead to a reduction in listening effort, even in the absence of a speech intelligibility benefit. Overall, listening to voices that were explicitly trained seemed to be less effortful than listening to implicitly trained voices. Nevertheless, implicit voice training might be more beneficial in improving speech intelligibility performance for more favorable TMRs. Therefore, both implicit and explicit voice training might provide differential benefits for speech-on-speech perception. Nevertheless, voice training effects reported in the present study can reflect a combination of stimulus-specific perceptual learning and voice familiarity, as the same stimuli were used during training and testing, with generalization to novel utterances left for future studies.