Excerpt: Emergent Time and Causal Structure in Dynamic Mass Genesis

In the canonical quantization of gravity using the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) formalism, spacetime is foliated into spatial hypersurfaces governed by the metric hij . The fundamental paradox of time arises when applying the Hamiltonian constraint to the wave functional of the universe Ψ[hij ], yielding the Wheeler-DeWitt equation: H