The impact of climate change on the health of people living in prison: a global scoping review

Purpose Climate change poses significant risks to people living in prison, who are particularly vulnerable due to confinement and limited agency. This study, a scoping review, aims to examine the extant literature on climate change-related impacts on prison health so as to identify key themes and research gaps. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases for peer-reviewed and grey literature. Studies were screened and data extracted following established scoping review methodologies. Thematic analysis was used to synthesise findings. Findings Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Key themes included: health vulnerability; infrastructure challenges, disaster preparedness and responses and human rights, environmental justice and sustainability. Critical gaps in empirical research are highlighted on the extent and diversity of climate change impacts on prisons, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Originality/value There is an urgent need for improved infrastructure and disaster preparedness in prisons and more data-driven studies. Addressing this complex issue requires interdisciplinary approaches integrating climate science, public health and criminal justice expertise. Policymakers and prison administrators must prioritise climate resilience and recovery measures to protect this vulnerable population.