Minimally Invasive Surgery for Hallux Valgus: Current Concept Review

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for hallux valgus correction has become increasingly popular over the past decade as an alternative to traditional open osteotomy techniques.Following the limitations of first-and second-generation percutaneous techniques, third-generation MIS, characterized by percutaneous osteotomy with a Shannon burr and stable screw fixation, has shown improved reproducibility and clinical outcomes.This review summarizes the current concepts of third-generation and later MIS techniques for hallux valgus correction, focusing on the surgical principles, technical considerations, fixation strategies, and postoperative management.In addition, the clinical and radiographic outcomes of MIS are compared with conventional open osteotomies.The available evidence consistently shows that MIS provides comparable deformity correction, functional improvement, complication rates, and recurrence rates to those of open procedures, while offering advantages such as reduced early postoperative pain, smaller incisions, and faster recovery.Recent studies support expanding MIS indications to include severe hallux valgus deformities that can provide satisfactory correction and acceptable complication profiles when appropriate techniques and fixation methods are used.Despite the ongoing debates regarding the optimal osteotomy type, fixation strategy, and proximal correction in severe deformities, MIS has emerged as a safe and effective surgical option across a broad spectrum of hallux valgus severity.Continued refinement of the surgical techniques, broader application across a wide range of hallux valgus etiologies, and long-term outcome data will further define the role of MIS in hallux valgus surgery.