SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN EXPANSION AND TEMPERATURE DYNAMICS IN FAISALABAD CITY

Rapid urban expansion has emerged as a critical driver of localized climate modification, particularly in rapidly growing cities of developing countries. This study investigates the influence of urbanization on temperature trends in Faisalabad, Pakistan, over a 50-year period from 1972 to 2022. Long-term datasets of mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures were analyzed alongside key urbanization indicators, including urban population growth, expansion of built-up areas, industrial development, and increases in vehicular density. The results reveal a pronounced warming trend across the study period, characterized by a substantial rise in both maximum and minimum temperatures, with the mean annual temperature increasing by approximately 2 °C. Faisalabad experienced accelerated urban growth during this timeframe, with the urban population increasing nearly sixfold and built-up areas expanding by about four times, accompanied by significant growth in industrial and transportation activities. Statistical analysis demonstrates a strong positive relationship between time and temperature variables, with high coefficients of determination (R² = 0.9615 for mean temperature, 0.9931 for maximum temperature, and 0.9839 for minimum temperature), indicating a robust association between urbanization processes and thermal intensification. The findings highlight the pronounced climatic consequences of unplanned urban growth and emphasize the need for climate-sensitive urban planning strategies. This research contributes to the broader understanding of urban-induced climate change and supports the adoption of sustainable development practices to mitigate rising urban temperatures