Closed-loop and circular supply chains: a meta-review of reverse logistics, product lifecycle and zero-waste strategies

Purpose The primary aim of this meta-review was to integrate academic research on closed-loop and circular supply chains by examining the links between reverse logistics (RL), product lifecycle management (PLM) and zero-waste strategies. A secondary objective was to demonstrate how sustainability and resource efficiency in supply chain systems are enhanced by combining these elements. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines that involved screening 102 articles retrieved from six primary databases between 2012 and 2025. Following the application of strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the initial pool of studies was refined and 24 high-quality studies were retained for analysis. Analysis was then performed to detect significant patterns, trends, or gaps in the research. Findings At an operational level, RL facilitates product recovery and waste reduction, PLM offers design and strategic oversight, and zero-waste strategies generate standardised sustainability targets. In combination, they form regenerative supply systems. The notable trends observed were digital technologies, circular product design and the development of regulatory frameworks. Practical implications For policymakers and supply chain managers, the review provides actionable proposals by endorsing integrative strategies that ingrain circular principles into logistics and product design processes. Originality/value The study proposes an integrated conceptual framework that explains how reverse logistics, product lifecycle management and zero-waste strategies interact through feedback and optimisation mechanisms to enable closed-loop and circular supply chains.