Antimicrobial food packaging materials: a comprehensive review of innovations, challenges, and future applications

Purpose The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of antimicrobial food packaging materials, examining recent innovations, identifying key challenges and exploring potential future applications in the field. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was conducted to evaluate recent advancements in antimicrobial food packaging materials. Relevant peer-reviewed studies were selected based on their focus on innovations, challenges and future applications, using databases such as Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. Findings Recent advances in antimicrobial food packaging, including bionanocomposites, films and coatings incorporating nanoparticles, essential oils and plant extracts, have enhanced food safety and antimicrobial efficacy, although in some cases they may reduce mechanical strength and other functional properties. Nevertheless, challenges such as the migration of active compounds, regulatory constraints and microbial resistance persist. Approaches such as nanotechnology and active packaging with controlled-release systems can prolong antimicrobial activity and minimize risks, emphasizing the need for continued research to optimize these materials for safe, effective and sustainable food preservation. Originality/value A multidisciplinary approach is needed to balance antimicrobial packaging’s efficacy, safety and environmental impact. This finding has enormous implications for global food security and food waste reduction.