Global Bifurcation Theory for Fredholm Operator via Odd Crossing Number and Its Application

We establish the Rabinowitz-type global bifurcation theorem and the Dancer-type unilateral global bifurcation theorem for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> , where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> </mml:math> is a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> map and locally proper with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:math> for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> </mml:math> are real Banach spaces with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊆</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> </mml:math> . Let <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be the closure of the set of nontrivial solutions of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> . We shall show that, if <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:math> is a Fredholm operator with index <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:math> for all <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:math> has an odd crossing number at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:math> , then <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> possesses a maximal component <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow>

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Asymptotic Analysis
Published
2026-03-03
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/09217134261422624
Primary Topic
Nonlinear Differential Equations Analysis
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Global Bifurcation Theory for Fredholm Operator via Odd Crossing Number and Its Application

Jia Xu
Asymptotic Analysis
Nonlinear Differential Equations Analysis
article

Global Bifurcation Theory for Fredholm Operator via Odd Crossing Number and Its Application

Jia Xu
article en

Abstract

We establish the Rabinowitz-type global bifurcation theorem and the Dancer-type unilateral global bifurcation theorem for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> , where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> </mml:math> is a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> map and locally proper with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:math> for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> </mml:math> are real Banach spaces with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊆</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> </mml:math> . Let <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be the closure of the set of nontrivial solutions of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> . We shall show that, if <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:math> is a Fredholm operator with index <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:math> for all <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:math> has an odd crossing number at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:math> , then <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> possesses a maximal component <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow>

Asymptotic Analysis
Northwest Normal University (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 24%
Nonlinear Differential Equations Analysis
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.