Performance properties of tractors with automatic and mechanical gearbox – comparative analysis

The article presents the results of theoretical and field research to determine the main operational properties of tractors with automatic and manual transmissions. For this purpose, the stages of development and the influence of the gearbox on the operational properties of the tractor when performing technological operations for tillage are presented. The role of automatic transmissions in improving the operational properties of the tractor is noted. The object of research is the technological process of tillage with tractors with various types of transmissions. The purpose of the study is to determine the main indicators characterizing the operational properties of tractors, to give recommendations on the use of tractors with one or another transmission when performing specific technological operations for cultivating agricultural crops. During the research, methods of comparative analysis, observation, calculation, comparison, etc. were used. The material for the study was observations and collection of statistical data during the operation of tractors during spring field work in one of the agricultural organizations of the Sverdlovsk region in 2023. A comparative analysis was carried out on the Belarus 2122.6 and Zoomlion PL 2304 tractors, on the Belarus 1221 and Lamborghini R6.120. This study presents the second pair of tractors. It has been established that for a tractor with an automatic transmission, the productivity of the unit combined with various agricultural machines is higher than for a tractor with a manual transmission from 6.2% to 16.4%. Based on the calculations and field observations, technological operations were proposed, the implementation of which is recommended using tractors with an automatic gearbox to obtain the greatest economic effect.