A Comprehensive Study on the Grey Area Dispute in the Bay of Bengal: Strategic Magnitudes of the Bangladesh–Myanmar–India Triangle and the Way Forward

Abstract: The grey area in the Bay of Bengal among Bangladesh, Myanmar, and India poses challenges in defining boundaries and managing resources. In 2012 and 2014, ITLOS rulings settled significant portions of this issue between Bangladesh and Myanmar and between Bangladesh and India, respectively; however, ambiguities remain. Neighbouring countries' demands to control oil, gas, and fisheries pose a threat to the colossal depletion of maritime resources. In addition, their ambitions are to affirm sovereignty in the grey area, driven by the need for maritime security and territorial influence. Moreover, Bangladesh's objective is to protect these resources for both economic advancement and national defence by establishing transboundary negotiations. Proposals for joint development zones suggest a possible cooperative approach to fairly operating the grey area's resources, as well as fostering cooperation with Myanmar and India. This study aims to examine the strategic and legal positions of neighbouring countries concerning the grey area, focusing on their motives for asserting sovereignty and control over vital marine resources. The study finds that some realistic case studies' approaches are primarily driven by their desire to secure maritime resources for economic growth, ensure national security, and strengthen regional influence. This paper presents strategic plans to resolve the grey-area issue, aiming to manage and share resources equitably.