Design of novel control strategy of STATCOM with two PID and cascaded PID and FOPID tuned by combined GA-PSO algorithm

• Proposed a Novel Control Strategy of STATCOM with Two PID and Cascaded PID and FOPID Tuned by Combined GA-PSO Algorithm. • Conducted a comparative analysis with conventional controllers, evaluating IAE. • Validated the proposed controller's robustness and efficiency in maintaining stability under uncertainties. Voltage stability is a critical factor in the reliable operation of electrical power systems. The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), a member of the shunt-based FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) family is widely used as a voltage regulator to enhance grid stability. This study presents a novel STATCOM control strategy optimized using combined evolutionary algorithms. The control design integrates both conventional PID and Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controllers. For tuning the controller parameters, three optimization techniques are employed: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and a hybrid GA-PSO method. Simulation and performance analysis are performed using MATLAB/Simulink and minimizing the Integral of Squared Error (ISE) of the voltage signal. Robustness is validated through simulations under various random grid parameter variations. The results demonstrate that the proposed GA-PSO-optimized PID-FOPID control strategy significantly improves voltage stability in the electrical grid.