Rola soft power w kształtowaniu regionalnej i globalnej pozycji Arabii Saudyjskiej

Saudi Arabia, a regional power with hegemonic ambitions, plays a crucial role in shaping the balance of power in the Middle East and is also involved in the rivalry between major extra-regional powers (USA, Russia, China, India) for influence in the region. The research problem is contained in the statement that in the mid-2020s, in order to maintain its prestige and strengthen its great power status while effectively competing for regional dominance against the Shia Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Turkey, Riyadh’s authorities have rationalized their selection of foreign policy tools, shifting the focus from hard power to soft power. This shift is evident in Riyadh’s decisions such as: efforts to end the war in Yemen; attempts to de-escalate the conflict with Iran; resolving the diplomatic dispute with Qatar; restoring Syria’s membership in the Arab League; efforts to improve relations with Turkey; employing sportswashing; and prioritizing blue economy initiatives. The shift resulted from the fact that Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman started to perceive soft power as the most effective means to stabilize the regional situation, which is a conditio sine qua non for implementing the giga-projects under Saudi Vision 2030, diversifying the Saudi economy, facilitating Riyadh’s leadership among Sunni Arab states and reducing dependence on the USA.