Evaluation and Identification of Risk Factors for Stress Among Maquiladora Workers Based on The Mexican Official Standard 035 Survey Tool

Background and significance: Occupational psychosocial risk factors are workplace conditions that can trigger physiological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral changes. They are strongly associated with mental health issues such as anxiety and depression, as well as non-mental health conditions like myocardial infarction, stroke, and occupational injuries. Analyzing these risks from a sociodemographic perspective provides valuable insights for improving work environments and workers’ well-being. Purpose: This study aimed to identify and determine the levels of occupational psychosocial risk factors among workers in a manufacturing company in Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, and to examine their relationship with sociodemographic variables to inform future interventions in the manufacturing sector. Methods: Secondary data were used from two surveys assessing psychosocial risk factors and sociodemographic information, with a total sample of 437 participants. Inferential statistical analyses were conducted to explore associations between sociodemographic variables and psychosocial risk factors. Results: Significant associations were found between psychosocial risk factors and sociodemographic variables such as educational level, work shift, department, and marital status. Educational level was significantly associated with all risk factors classified as high or very high: Lack of Work Control (p < 0.001), Leadership (p = 0.049), Performance Recognition (p = 0.016), and Insufficient Sense of Belonging (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study aimed to examine the relationship between occupational psychosocial risks and sociodemographic characteristics, revealing a significant positive association between educational level and certain specific psychosocial risks. Workers with higher levels of education appeared to be more susceptible to occupational psychosocial risks, particularly those related to job satisfaction.