The evolving landscape of large language models and non-large language models in health care
Abstract We analyzed 19,123 natural language processing-related studies to explore the differences in task distributions and application contexts between large language models (LLMs) and non-LLM methods in health care. Through topic modeling analysis, we found that LLMs demonstrate advantages in open-ended tasks, while non-LLM methods dominate in information extraction tasks. These findings highlight the complementary strengths of the two technical paradigms and provide reference for their integration strategies in future health care applications.
Authors
- J.Y. Richard Liew (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0078-9043)
- Daniel Shu Wei Ting (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-7174)
- Douglas Teodoro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6238-4503)
- Chuan Hong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-9559)
- Melissa Wong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3040-2954)
- Irene Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1851-5390)
- Yifan Peng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0667-2599)
- Huitao Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5715-8250)
- Yuhe Ke
- Jimmy Ong
- Kunyu Yu
- Jingchi Liao
- Rui Yang
- Nan Liu
- Xin Li
- Sabarinath Vinod Nair
Institutions
- University of Geneva (CH)
- SingHealth (SG)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Duke University (US)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Cornell University (US)
- Singapore General Hospital (SG)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Singapore National Eye Center (SG)
- Clinical Research Institute (US)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SG)
- Duke-NUS Medical School (SG)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Stanford University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- npj Health Systems
- Published
- 2026-03-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s44401-026-00076-1
- Primary Topic
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Duke-NUS Medical School
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Singapore General Hospital
- Nanyang Technological University
- University of Tokyo
- Université de Genève
- Weill Cornell Medical College
- Duke Clinical Research Institute