Certified Private Relational Time from Entanglement

We introduce an "entangled clock" in which time is defined operationally by discrete measurement registrations on a singlet state. Locally, each party's tick rate is fixed by the unbiased marginals. The nontrivial resource is the <i>relational</i> (coincidence-tick) stream: because the singlet's information budget is entirely exhausted by joint properties, the only definite temporal structure resides in the correlations between the two parties. Operationally, after exchanging time tags and outcomes, Alice and Bob identify synchronized events (that is, the ++ channel) and thereby obtain a joint tick record. Comparing the ++ coincidence rate R(θ)=P++(a→,b→) to Peres' isotropic bomb-fragment local-hidden-variable model (yielding Rcl(θ)=θ/(2π)), we find that for obtuse analyzer separations the quantum prediction exceeds this natural classical benchmark, with a maximal relative excess of about 13.6% near θ≈140.5∘. We emphasize that this "faster ticking" refers to the <i>rate of identified coincidence ticks</i> under a specific operational convention, not to an improved local clock rate, precision, or stability. Finally, by using multiple settings and a Bell test, we outline "Certified Private Time": a device-independent certification of unpredictability/privacy of the relational time-stamp record against adversaries lacking foreknowledge of the settings, analogous to certified randomness generation.

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Publication Details

Journal
Entropy
Published
2026-03-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/e28030307
Primary Topic
Quantum Mechanics and Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Certified Private Relational Time from Entanglement

Karl Svozil
Entropy
Quantum Mechanics and Applications
article

Certified Private Relational Time from Entanglement

Karl Svozil
article en

Abstract

We introduce an "entangled clock" in which time is defined operationally by discrete measurement registrations on a singlet state. Locally, each party's tick rate is fixed by the unbiased marginals. The nontrivial resource is the <i>relational</i> (coincidence-tick) stream: because the singlet's information budget is entirely exhausted by joint properties, the only definite temporal structure resides in the correlations between the two parties. Operationally, after exchanging time tags and outcomes, Alice and Bob identify synchronized events (that is, the ++ channel) and thereby obtain a joint tick record. Comparing the ++ coincidence rate R(θ)=P++(a→,b→) to Peres' isotropic bomb-fragment local-hidden-variable model (yielding Rcl(θ)=θ/(2π)), we find that for obtuse analyzer separations the quantum prediction exceeds this natural classical benchmark, with a maximal relative excess of about 13.6% near θ≈140.5∘. We emphasize that this "faster ticking" refers to the <i>rate of identified coincidence ticks</i> under a specific operational convention, not to an improved local clock rate, precision, or stability. Finally, by using multiple settings and a Bell test, we outline "Certified Private Time": a device-independent certification of unpredictability/privacy of the relational time-stamp record against adversaries lacking foreknowledge of the settings, analogous to certified randomness generation.

EntropyVol. 28(3)
TU Wien (AT)
Austrian Science Fund, Technische Universität Wien, Technische Universität Wien Bibliothek
Openalex Percentile: Top 27%
Quantum Mechanics and Applications
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Certified Private Relational Time from Entanglement — Karl Svozil · Entropy (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS