Assessment of the quality and possibility of groundwater use for irigation in the northern part of the Fruška Gora vineyard using the irrigation water quality indices

Serbian viticulture has grown significantly over the past fifteen years. This study analyzes irrigation groundwater quality in the northern slopes of Fruška Gora. Twenty samples were collected from aquifers in Quaternary, Miocene and Pliocene sediments, along with springs in Paleozoic and Cretaceous formations and one well in Triassic sediments. Most waters were classified as HCO₃-Ca-Mg type. Irrigation suitability was evaluated using indices: SAR, Na%, PI, PS, MH, KI, IWQI. All 20 samples were excellent or suitable for irrigation based on SAR, Na%, and KI; most met PS and MH criteria, and PI rated all moderately suitable. IWQI classified samples as very good and good. GIS-based IDW maps visualized water quality, providing insight into groundwater suitability for northern Fruška Gora irrigation.