What is the incidence and clinical significance of dry eye disease in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of ocular immune‐related adverse events

DED occurs in approximately 1 in 50 ICI-treated patients in pooled estimates from heterogeneous study designs, although reported incidence varies substantially across study designs and ascertainment approaches. Combination therapy and ICI-treated lung cancer cohorts demonstrated numerically higher DED rates, but these subgroup estimates should be interpreted cautiously given potential differences in referral patterns and diagnostic intensity. Incidence variability highlights the need for standardized ocular assessment. High-risk patients should be proactively monitored to maintain quality of life and treatment adherence.