Does artificial creativity require artificial consciousness?

Abstract AI has displayed notable originality across the worlds of art, science and gaming. But is it right to say that such machines are creative? This question is bound up with other challenging questions about the capacities of artificial systems. Human creativity typically involves some conscious experience of the creative project. If consciousness is necessary for creativity, then a case could be made that these (presumably) unconscious machines are not really creative. I argue that there is no compelling case for thinking that consciousness is generally necessary for creativity. However, lessons learned from this discussion suggest that a more localised claim about aesthetic creativity has greater promise. I propose that consciousness is required for creativity in projects with aesthetic goals. If an AI lacks consciousness, then it is incapable of aesthetic experience, and without aesthetic experience, it cannot engage in aesthetic creative projects.

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Publication Details

Journal
AI & Society
Published
2026-03-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-026-02887-0
Primary Topic
Embodied and Extended Cognition
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Does artificial creativity require artificial consciousness?

Tom McClelland
AI & Society
Embodied and Extended Cognition
article

Does artificial creativity require artificial consciousness?

Tom McClelland
article en

Abstract

Abstract AI has displayed notable originality across the worlds of art, science and gaming. But is it right to say that such machines are creative? This question is bound up with other challenging questions about the capacities of artificial systems. Human creativity typically involves some conscious experience of the creative project. If consciousness is necessary for creativity, then a case could be made that these (presumably) unconscious machines are not really creative. I argue that there is no compelling case for thinking that consciousness is generally necessary for creativity. However, lessons learned from this discussion suggest that a more localised claim about aesthetic creativity has greater promise. I propose that consciousness is required for creativity in projects with aesthetic goals. If an AI lacks consciousness, then it is incapable of aesthetic experience, and without aesthetic experience, it cannot engage in aesthetic creative projects.

AI & Society
University of Cambridge (GB)
Openalex Percentile: Top 32%
Embodied and Extended Cognition
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