Timing of therapeutic hypothermia and outcomes in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: A cohort study in a middle-income country

In this cohort, initiation of therapeutic hypothermia between 6 and 12 h after birth was not significantly associated with worse neurological or mortality outcomes than initiation within 6 h. These findings suggest that delayed therapeutic hypothermia may still confer benefits in settings where early initiation is challenging, underscoring the need to strengthen referral systems and further investigate the optimal therapeutic window.