Selection of emergency logistics facility locations considering major natural disasters in mountainous cities based on GIS-MCDM

The rising frequency of extreme natural disasters under global climate change presents significant uncertainty and safety challenges for emergency logistics facility planning, particularly in mountainous regions. Addressing the limitations of traditional location studies that often overlook terrain complexity and disaster risks, this study proposes an integrated framework for mountainous emergency logistics site selection, combining Geographic Information Systems (GIS) spatial analysis with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. Using 88 counties and districts in Guizhou Province as a case study, the framework incorporates four criterion-level dimensions and eight indicator-level factors, and employs GIS spatial analysis alongside a hybrid BWM-EWM weighting scheme and an improved TOPSIS evaluation to generate a suitability map. Sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of the model. The results reveal an east-strong-west-weak spatial pattern of suitability, with population density and transportation accessibility as dominant factors, terrain imposing fundamental constraints, and natural disaster risk providing critical differentiation for decision-making.