Prospective Monitoring of Serum Values of CBC, Total IgE, Thyroid Findings, D-Dimer, Vitamin D, and Inflammatory Molecules CRP, ESR, and IL-6 and Clinical Features of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Patients During Antihistamine Treatment

Having appropriate and meaningful diagnostic procedures is crucial in the approach to patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), so we wanted to investigate relationships between CSU patients' common serum factors and clinical CSU features, and their temporal trends during antihistamine treatment. In this exploratory hypothesis-based study, we assessed disease severity and quality of life (QoL) in, initially, 41 CSU patients using UAS7, daily UAS, UCT, DLQI, and CU-Q2oL. Concurrently, we measured serum complete blood count (CBC), total IgE, thyroid antibodies and hormones, ANA, D-dimer, vitamin D, and the inflammatory molecules CRP, ESR and IL-6. We compared initial (T1) and follow-up findings (T2) (after 3 months of antihistamine therapy). Basophil concentration was the only examined serum factor useful in assessing current CSU severity/daily UAS (sensitivity 78.6%; specificity 63%; <i>p</i> = 0.028). Basopenia was more frequent in patients with moderate/severe CSU than in those with mild disease or remission, as measured by daily UAS (79% vs. 37%; <i>p</i> = 0.020). T4 values showed a significant dependence on CSU duration (r = -0.328; <i>p</i> = 0.036). ESR was the only examined serum factor significantly associated with weekly CSU severity (UAS7) (<i>p</i> = 0.038). Antihistamine treatment significantly reduced CSU activity (recorded by daily UAS and UAS7) and improved QoL (DLQI) (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and disease control/UCT (<i>p</i> = 0.005). After three months of treatment, only the CRP value correlated with CSU control/UCT (<i>p</i> = 0.014). We encourage the use of diagnostics employing basophil counts and clinical indices UAS7, daily UAS, UCT and DLQI for insight into a patient's CSU clinical condition. Serum factor values did not change during the 3-month treatment period, so it is not useful to measure them repeatedly. Although this study involved a small cohort and has many limitations, these promising results highlight the need for replication with a greater number of CSU patients.