Evaluation of the Impact of Different Skeletal Orthodontic Anomalies on Condylar Asymmetry Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study aims to evaluate mandibular condylar asymmetry in individuals with different types of skeletal malocclusions using a three-dimensional imaging technique, and to determine the relationship between these anomalies and condylar asymmetry. <b>Methods</b>: The study included 100 individuals who visited the Department of Orthodontics Faculty of Dentistry between 2015 and 2020 and underwent Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging for various reasons. The evaluation of condylar asymmetry was performed using the Habets method, and measurements were carried out with the NemoCeph V.2017 software. Participants were categorized into skeletal Class I (2-4°), Class II (>4°), and Class III based on their ANB angles. For statistical analysis, frequency distribution, the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used. <b>Results</b>: No statistically significant relationship was found between gender and skeletal classifications (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In terms of age, the mean age of individuals in the Class III group was significantly lower than that of those in the Class II group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A weak positive correlation was observed between condylar and ramal indices in the overall sample (<i>p</i> = 0.029); however, this correlation was found to be moderate and statistically significant only within the Class III group (<i>p</i> = 0.002). <b>Conclusions</b>: The presence of a significant relationship between condylar and ramal asymmetries in individuals with Class III malocclusion indicates an increased risk of developing facial asymmetry if left untreated. These findings underscore the importance of skeletal malocclusions in influencing condylar morphology.