Artificial Intelligence in Screening and Grading Diabetic Eye Diseases: A Systematic Review From Algorithms to Clinic

Artificial intelligence holds significant clinical value and application potential in the graded diagnosis of diabetes-related ocular diseases, improving screening efficiency and consistency, particularly in resource-limited settings. Future efforts should focus on enhancing algorithmic adaptability in complex scenarios, promoting deeper integration of technology with clinical workflows, and establishing robust data security and validation standards to facilitate large-scale and high-quality clinical implementation.