Analysis of Thermal Stratification and Inclined Magnetic Field Influence on Magnetohydrodynamic Flow in Porous Media

ABSTRACT This study provides an exact analytical examination of the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow of a viscous, incompressible, and electrically conducting fluid through a porous medium, past an exponentially accelerated inclined plate. The novelty of this research lies in the simultaneous consideration of thermal stratification, an inclined magnetic field, thermal radiation, chemical reactions, and a heat source—a combination not collectively examined in previous studies. The governing equations are solved for using the Laplace transform method. Closed‐form expressions for velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are derived and analyzed in relation to key physical parameters. The analysis shows that thermal stratification lowers both the velocity and temperature fields while raising the wall shear stress and heat transfer rates. In particular, skin friction and the Nusselt number increase by and , respectively, compared to the non‐stratified case. Additionally, increasing the angle of inclination of the applied magnetic field improved the temperature profile but reduced the heat transfer rate. These findings highlight the critical influence of thermal stratification and magnetic inclination on MHD flow behavior, with potential applications in thermal management systems, geophysical convection, and magnetically controlled transport processes.