IDRs in Cross-Membrane Transport: Regulation of Ion Channels and Transporters, Mechanistic Studies Made Possible by NMR and Computational Methods

The roles of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and regions (IDRs) in health and disease have gained increasing attention in recent years. Understanding their structure–activity relationships remains challenging, especially for integral membrane proteins. This manuscript reviews current knowledge on IDR functions in cross-membrane transport, with a focus on ion channels and transporters. It also examines how NMR and computational methods can provide atomic-level mechanistic insights into cross-membrane transport and link these findings to the roles of disorder in this process.