Global burden of disease and future trends of trichomoniasis in women of reproductive age from 1990 to 2021

This study was conducted to assess the global burden of trichomoniasis among women of reproductive age (15–49 years old) from 1990 to 2021, analyze changes in the patterns of this disease, identify regions with a high disease burden and key risk factors of trichomoniasis, provide evidence-based support for the differentiated prevention and control of trichomoniasis, and guide countries to optimize the allocation of health resources to reduce the damage to reproductive health. Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, we first analyzed the incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of trichomoniasis among reproductive-age women worldwide and in five sociodemographic index (SDI) regions (low SDI, medium-low SDI, medium SDI, medium-high SDI, and high SDI), and the changes in their trends. Then, we analyzed the effect of the SDI and risk factors of 21 countries and 204 regions on the incidence and prevalence of trichomoniasis among reproductive-age women in different SDI regions. Finally, we constructed an autoregressive moving average (ARIMA) model to predict the global trends of incidence and prevalence among women of reproductive age in different regions of SDI from 2022 to 2030. The results of this study revealed that the global incidence, prevalence, and DALYs of trichomoniasis among women of reproductive age showed a yearly increasing trend from 1990 to 2021, and that DALYs were closely associated with regional SDI levels and unsafe sex. The incidence and prevalence of trichomoniasis first decreased and then increased from 2022 to 2030. The global incidence and prevalence rates of trichomoniasis among women of reproductive age, measured per 100,000 people, showed a yearly increasing trend from 1990 to 2021.Therefore, preventive and control measures for Trichomonas vaginalis need to be strengthened, health expenditures need to be restructured, and the prevention and control of risk factors need to be focused on.