Epigenetic inhibition of class I histone deacetylases by MS-275 attenuates diabetic skeletal muscle atrophy via Akt/ARK5–FoxO and myostatin–Smad signaling

Our findings demonstrate that epigenetic inhibition of class I HDACs by MS-275 attenuates diabetes-associated skeletal muscle atrophy by coordinately suppressing inflammatory signaling and myostatin-driven catabolic pathways while restoring Akt/ARK5-FoxO signaling. These results suggest that class I HDACs are key epigenetic regulators of diabetic muscle wasting and that targeting their activity provides important mechanistic insights for preserving skeletal muscle mass in diabetic sarcopenia.