A Distributed Space-Based Quantum Computing Architecture

This paper proposes a novel architecture for democratizing quantum computing access through a space-based quantum computing infrastructure positioned beyond geostationary orbit. We examine the feasibility of leveraging deep-space passive cooling at the Sun-Earth Lagrange point L2 to reduce cryogenic energy requirements, solar power generation for operation, and integration with existing Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations (e.g., Starlink) for low-latency global connectivity. This "Quantum-as-a-Service from Space" (QSaaS) model would enable residential and enterprise users to access quantum processing capabilities through terrestrial internet connections, effectively distributing quantum computing resources globally without requiring local quantum hardware. We analyze thermal, communication, technical, and economic challenges, while identifying critical research directions for realizing this vision.