Psychophysiological effects of traditional cycling, virtual reality-enhanced cycling, and passive virtual reality exposure in young adults: A controlled within-subject study
VR-enhanced cycling improves self-efficacy and enjoyment without reducing cardiovascular activation, whereas passive VR alone does not confer exercise benefits, suggesting VR-assisted exercise enhances positive psychological responses relevant to physical activity engagement.
Authors
- Khalid S. Alwadeai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-3120)
- Saad A. Alhammad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9591-5649)
- Maha F. Algabbani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2566-3380)
- Mohammed Alrashidi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-592X)
- Abdulrhman S. Alghamdi
- Shahad M. Almohsen
- Mohammed A. Almeshari
- Fahad S. Algarni
- Ayedh Alahmari
- Abdulrahman A. Kateeb
- Abdulmajeed Y. Alhozaimi
Institutions
- Taibah University (SA)
- King Saud University (SA)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- PLoS ONE
- Published
- 2026-03-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0343812
- Primary Topic
- Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00