Understanding Electric Properties Thickness of SnO2 with Atomic Layer Deposition

Wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells enable high open-circuit voltages, which are crucial for tandem solar cells, but suffer from increased recombination and stability issues owing to bandgap-induced structural and interfacial defects.We precisely tuned the SnO thickness via atomic layer deposition and used time-resolved photoluminescence and pulsed-voltage spacecharge-limited current analyses to investigate charge transport and recombination.These results reveal the critical influence of the electron transport layer (ETL) thickness on the electric field distribution and interfacial recombination, providing design guidelines for high-efficiency, stable tandem top cells.This study advances the development of next-generation photovoltaic devices.