Emerging role of lncRNA TP53TG1 as a tumor regulator and biomarker in human malignancies

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a category of RNA molecules that exceed 200 nucleotides in length and do not possess the ability to encode proteins. Recently, there has been a growing interest among scientists regarding their functions and advancements in research. One notable lncRNA is the tumor protein 53 target gene 1 (TP53TG1), which has emerged in the last few years and is located in the chromosomal region 7q21.12 of the human genome. Studies have increasingly pointed out the role of TP53TG1 in the progression of various cancers, where its expression is altered in several tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and glioma. Moreover, extensive research has shown that TP53TG1 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), engaging in signaling pathways, modulating gene expression, and influencing the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and drug resistance of cancer cells. Consequently, TP53TG1 is posited as a significant biomarker for tumor prognosis and is anticipated to be a potentially effective target for cancer therapies. This review article examines the expression, biological roles, and molecular mechanisms of TP53TG1 across various malignancies while exploring its clinical implications.