Synergistic nano-bioorganic amendments enhance soil properties and microbial structure in coastal saline soils

The synergistic application of nano-carbon and bio-organic fertilizer (FC) created a more favorable soil habitat, rapidly ameliorating physicochemical conditions which directionally shaped the bacterial community. Bacterial and fungal communities responded differently to amendments, suggesting divergent assembly mechanisms. The FC strategy demonstrates high potential for the initial restoration of saline-alkali soils by enhancing soil health primarily through rapid physicochemical improvement and modulation of the soil microbiome, particularly bacteria. Future work should focus on functional validation of predicted metabolic shifts and assessment of agronomic outcomes.