Parents’ Perceptions of Young Children’s Needs in International Migrant Families: Challenges and Unmet Needs

Abstract Stable environments that support health, nutrition, protection, learning, and responsive relationships are essential for child development. However, international migration disrupts family relationships, access to services, and parental well-being, leaving many children’s needs unmet. This study investigates parental perceptions regarding the needs of children aged six years or younger from international migrant families residing in a Brazilian border region. It further examines the extent to which these needs are fulfilled within the distinct socio-political and economic context of the region. A phenomenological qualitative approach with inductive thematic analysis was conducted with 21 primary caregivers. Findings revealed that children’s needs centered on nutrition, education, healthcare, supportive communities, structure, opportunities, and safety, rather than relational aspects of development. Two themes were identified: (1) Challenges in the migration process and adaptation: implications on child protection and opportunities for thriving, and (2) Obstacles and stress experienced by immigrant families compromising nurturing care and support for early childhood development. Brazilian policies establish access to essential supports but do not fully address children’s developmental needs. International migrant families prioritized nutrition, healthcare, education, and safety; however, adversities such as socioeconomic vulnerability, separation, discrimination, limited support, and parental stress left many needs unmet. Policy guidelines and professional actions must therefore extend beyond basic provision in health, education, and social protection to ensure children’s needs for responsive caregiving, emotionally supportive relationships, and stimulating activities and interactions are adequately met.