Histopathological evaluation of the effects of Nazalnem® forms on nasal mucosa in a rat model

Abstract Introduction Topical drug applications to the nasal cavity are one of the most important applications of ENT practice. They are used in many diseases, especially in epistaxis and in the postoperative period. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the Nazalnem ® spray, ointment and drop forms on nasal mucosa. Material Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. The control group received no intervention. In the three study groups, the left nasal cavities were designated as the treatment side, while the right nasal cavities served as internal controls. Nazalnem® spray, drop, and ointment formulations were administered to groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Each formulation was applied intranasally at a dose of 0.05 mL twice daily for 2 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were sacrificed, and the nasal tissues were examined histopathologically. Results Histopathologically, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of keratosis, epithelial hyperplasia, epithelial degeneration, cellular inflammation, and hemorrhage. No side effects of these drugs were observed. Conclusion The nasal mucosa has essential functions for humans, including humidifying, filtering, and warming the inhaled air, as well as regulating nasal airflow. Deterioration of these functions can lead to symptoms such as nasal bleeding, crusting, and nasal obstruction. Topical nasal moisturizer Nazalnem® supports these functions safely. This study demonstrates the safe use of various Nazalnem® forms. All forms of Nazalnem® can be used safely for topical effects with fewer side effects. However, further clinical studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this nasal moisturization medication. Main points Nasal moisturizers are recommended for postsurgical care, rhinitis sicca, and epistaxis treatment. Although the mucosal effects of many intranasal drugs are well known, the mucosal effects of nasal moisturizers are not well understood. This study evaluated the histopathological effects of Nazalnem® spray, drop, and ointment on nasal mucosa in an animal model and found no significant tissue damage. Nazalnem® spray, drop, and ointment formulations appear histologically safe for nasal mucosa. Further clinical studies in humans are needed to assess the therapeutic efficacy in pathological conditions.