A Review of the Role of Sensor in the Vertical Farms: Superiority and Prospects

ABSTRACT In the context of increasingly constrained land resources and growing demands for sustainable agriculture, vertical farming has emerged as an innovative industry that transcends the limitations of traditional agriculture through its multilayered, three‐dimensional cultivation model and controlled growing environment. In the evolution of vertical agriculture, sensor technology has established a comprehensive “feedback optimization loop.” Through continuous data collection and growth condition adjustments, sensors provide ongoing feedback on the effects of these adjustments, creating a closed‐loop control system. By monitoring changes in crop growth indicators, sensors evaluate the efficacy of previous control measures. When optimal growth conditions are not achieved, control strategies are promptly modified to further optimize resource allocation. Controlled irrigation techniques in vertical farming can save approximately 70%–95% of water resources. This feedback mechanism enables vertical agricultural production to make real‐time, precise adjustments based on actual conditions, thereby continuously enhancing resource utilization efficiency, promoting optimal plant growth, and contributing to sustainable development goals. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current applications of sensor technology in vertical agriculture, thoroughly analyzing its significant advantages in improving agricultural production efficiency, ensuring product quality, and advancing ecological agriculture. Additionally, it addresses the challenges faced by sensor technology in practical applications, including data compatibility, measurement accuracy, spatial configuration, and maintenance management. In response to these challenges, this article proposes strategic directions to optimize the application of sensor technology in vertical agriculture, supporting its development towards high yield, efficiency, and sustainability, thereby addressing the challenges of food security and sustainable development.